trace/eh_frame.c

static u64
iterate_call_frame_instructions(struct dwarf_cie *cie, u8 *data, u64 to_read, 
                                struct dwarf_regset *regset, u64 location)
{
    u64 read = 0;
    
    for (;;) {
        u8 op_byte = *data++;
        enum dwarf_cfa_op_base high_two = op_byte >> 6;
        enum dwarf_cfa_op low_six = op_byte & 0x3f;
        
        u32 increment = 0;
        
        if (high_two == DW_CFA_advance_loc) {
            u8 delta = low_six;
            if (regset) {
                regset->loc += delta * cie->code_alignment;
            }
        } else if (high_two == DW_CFA_offset) {
            u8 reg = low_six;
            u32 factored_offset;
            increment += decode_leb128(data, &factored_offset);
        } else if (high_two == DW_CFA_restore) {
            u8 reg = low_six;
        } else if (high_two == 0) {
            switch (low_six) {
                case DW_CFA_nop: {
                    break;
                }
                
                case DW_CFA_set_loc: {
                    u64 address;
                    memcpy(&address, data, 8);
                    increment = 8;
                    if (regset) {
                        regset->loc = address; // TODO: encoding??
                    }
                    break;
                }
                
                case DW_CFA_advance_loc1: {
                    u8 advance;
                    memcpy(&advance, data, 1);
                    increment = 1;
                    if (regset) {
                        regset->loc += advance * cie->code_alignment;
                    }
                    break;
                }
                
                case DW_CFA_advance_loc2: {
                    u16 advance;
                    memcpy(&advance, data, 2);
                    increment = 2;
                    if (regset) {
                        regset->loc += advance * cie->code_alignment;
                    }
                    break;
                }
                
                case DW_CFA_advance_loc4: {
                    u32 advance;
                    memcpy(&advance, data, 4);
                    increment = 4;
                    if (regset) {
                        regset->loc += advance * cie->code_alignment;
                    }
                    break;
                }
                
                case DW_CFA_offset_extended: {
                    u32 reg;
                    u32 offset;
                    increment += decode_leb128(data, &reg);
                    increment += decode_leb128(data, &offset);
                    break;
                }
                
                case DW_CFA_restore_extended: {
                    u32 reg;
                    increment += decode_leb128(data, &reg);
                    break;
                }
                
                case DW_CFA_undefined: {
                    u32 reg;
                    increment += decode_leb128(data, &reg);
                    break;
                }
                
                case DW_CFA_same_value: {
                    u32 reg;
                    increment += decode_leb128(data, &reg);
                    break;
                }
                
                case DW_CFA_register: {
                    u32 reg;
                    s32 factored_offset;
                    increment += decode_leb128(data, &reg);
                    increment += decode_leb128s(data, &factored_offset);
                    break;
                }
                
                case DW_CFA_remember_state: {
                    break;
                }
                
                case DW_CFA_restore_state: {
                    break;
                }
                
                case DW_CFA_def_cfa: {
                    u32 reg;
                    u32 nonfactored_offset;
                    
                    increment += decode_leb128(data, &reg);
                    increment += decode_leb128(data + increment, &nonfactored_offset);
                    
                    if (regset) {
                        regset->cfa_offset = nonfactored_offset;
                        regset->cfa_register = reg;
                    }
                    
                    break;
                }
                
                case DW_CFA_def_cfa_register: {
                    u32 reg;
                    increment += decode_leb128(data, &reg);
                    
                    if (regset) {
                        regset->cfa_register = reg;
                    }
                    
                    break;
                }
                
                case DW_CFA_def_cfa_offset: {
                    u32 offset;
                    increment += decode_leb128(data, &offset);
                    if (regset) {
                        regset->cfa_offset = offset;
                    }
                    break;
                }
                
                case DW_CFA_def_cfa_expression: {
                    u32 length;
                    increment += decode_leb128(data, &length);
                    increment += length;
                    break;
                }
                
                case DW_CFA_expression: {
                    u32 reg;
                    u32 length;
                    increment += decode_leb128(data, &reg);
                    increment += decode_leb128(data, &length);
                    increment += length;
                    break;
                }
                
                case DW_CFA_offset_extended_sf: {
                    u32 reg;
                    s32 factored_offset;
                    increment += decode_leb128(data, &reg);
                    increment += decode_leb128s(data, &factored_offset);
                    break;
                }
                
                case DW_CFA_def_cfa_sf: {
                    u32 reg;
                    s32 factored_offset;
                    increment += decode_leb128(data, &reg);
                    increment += decode_leb128s(data, &factored_offset);
                    break;
                }
                
                case DW_CFA_def_cfa_offset_sf: {
                    s32 factored_offset;
                    increment += decode_leb128s(data, &factored_offset);
                    break;
                }
                
                case DW_CFA_val_offset: {
                    u32 reg;
                    u32 factored_offset;
                    increment += decode_leb128(data, &reg);
                    increment += decode_leb128(data, &factored_offset);
                    break;
                }
                
                case DW_CFA_val_offset_sf: {
                    u32 reg;
                    s32 factored_offset;
                    increment += decode_leb128(data, &reg);
                    increment += decode_leb128s(data, &factored_offset);
                    break;
                }
                
                case DW_CFA_val_expression: {
                    u32 reg;
                    u32 length;
                    increment += decode_leb128(data, &reg);
                    increment += decode_leb128(data, &length);
                    increment += length;
                    break;
                }
                
                case DW_CFA_lo_user: {
                    break;
                }
                
                case DW_CFA_hi_user: {
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        
        if (location && regset->loc > location) {
            regset->cfa = regset->system[regset->cfa_register] + regset->cfa_offset;
            break;
        }
        
        data += increment;
        read += increment + 1;
        
        if (read >= to_read) {
            break;
        }
    }
    
    return(read);
}

static u64
read_one_cie(struct dwarf_cie *header, u64 length, u8 *data, u8 *original_data)
{
    header->length = length;
    header->version = *data++;
    
    char *augmenation_string = (char *) data;
    
    // NOTE: null-terminated string
    int has_z = 0;
    int has_L = 0;
    int has_P = 0;
    int has_R = 0;
    
    while (*data) {
        if (*data == 'z') has_z = 1;
        if (*data == 'L') has_L = 1;
        if (*data == 'P') has_P = 1;
        if (*data == 'R') has_R = 1;
        ++data;
    }
    ++data;
    
    (void) has_L;
    (void) has_P;
    
    data += decode_leb128(data, &header->code_alignment);
    data += decode_leb128s(data, &header->data_alignment);
    data += decode_leb128(data, &header->return_address_register);
    
    if (has_z) {
        data += decode_leb128(data, &header->augmentation_data_length);
        header->augmentation_data = data;
        data += header->augmentation_data_length;
    }
    
    header->has_z = has_z;
    header->instructions = data;
    header->instructions_length = header->length - (data - original_data - 4);
    
    data += iterate_call_frame_instructions(header, data, header->instructions_length, 0, 0);
    
    if (has_R) {
        // NOTE(aolo2): this shit is undocumented. Best sources I could find:
        // - gdb source code (dwarf2cfi.c)
        // - this random blog post: https://dandylife.net/blog/archives/686
        // - this pdf by Igor Skochinsky:
        // https://www.hexblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Recon-2012-Skochinsky-Compiler-Internals.pdf
        // - perf source code: http://ansymbol.com/linux/v3.13/source/tools/perf/util/unwind.c
        
        
        // NOTE(aolo2): WAIT! There ARE docs! There are just no links to them from the .eh_frame page!
        // https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/LSB_3.0.0/LSB-PDA/LSB-PDA.junk/dwarfext.html
        
        u8 byte = *header->augmentation_data;
        header->pointer_format = byte & 0x0f;
        header->pointer_application = byte & 0x70;
        header->pointer_indirect = byte & 0x80;
    }
    
    return(data - original_data);
}

static u64
read_encoded_pointer(struct mi_process proc, struct dwarf_cie *cie, u8 *data, u64 *dest)
{
    u64 offset = 0;
    s64 final_value;
    
    switch (cie->pointer_format) {
        case DW_EH_PE_absptr: {
            u64 value;
            memcpy(&value, data, 8);
            offset = 8;
            final_value = value;
            break;
        }
        
        case DW_EH_PE_uleb128: {
            u32 value;
            offset = decode_leb128(data, &value);
            final_value= value;
            break;
        }
        
        case DW_EH_PE_sleb128: {
            s32 value;
            offset = decode_leb128s(data, &value);
            final_value = value;
            break;
        }
        
        case DW_EH_PE_udata2: {
            u16 value;
            memcpy(&value, data, 2);
            offset = 2;
            final_value = value;
            break;
        }
        
        case DW_EH_PE_udata4: {
            u32 value;
            memcpy(&value, data, 4);
            offset = 4;
            final_value = value;
            break;
        }
        
        case DW_EH_PE_udata8: {
            u64 value;
            memcpy(&value, data, 8);
            offset = 8;
            final_value = value;
            break;
        }
        
        case DW_EH_PE_sdata2: {
            s16 value;
            memcpy(&value, data, 2);
            offset = 2;
            final_value = value;
            break;
        }
        
        case DW_EH_PE_sdata4: {
            s32 value;
            memcpy(&value, data, 4);
            offset = 4;
            final_value = value;
            break;
        }
        
        case DW_EH_PE_sdata8: {
            s64 value;
            memcpy(&value, data, 8);
            offset = 8;
            final_value = value;
            break;
        }
    }
    
    switch (cie->pointer_application) {
        case DW_EH_PE_pcrel: {
            *dest = data - proc.elf + final_value;
            break;
        }
        
        case DW_EH_PE_textrel: {
            struct elf_section_table_entry_x64 text = get_section_entry(proc.elf, ".text");
            *dest = text.virtual_address + final_value - proc.base_address;
            break;
        }
        
        case DW_EH_PE_datarel: {
            struct elf_section_table_entry_x64 got = get_section_entry(proc.elf, ".got");
            struct elf_section_table_entry_x64 eh_frame_hdr = get_section_entry(proc.elf, ".eh_frame_hdr");
            
            if (got.virtual_address) {
                *dest = got.virtual_address + final_value - proc.base_address;
            } else {
                *dest = eh_frame_hdr.virtual_address + final_value - proc.base_address;
            }
            
            break;
        }
        
        default: {
            DIE("unsupported pointer application: DW_EH_PE_funcrel, DW_EH_PE_aligned, DW_EH_PE_indirect, or DW_EH_PE_omit\n");
        }
    }
    
    return(offset);
}

static u64
read_one_fde(struct mi_process proc, struct dwarf_cie *cie, u64 length, u8 *data, u8 *original_data,
             struct dwarf_fde *header)
{
    header->length = length;
    header->cie = *cie;
    
    u32 pointer_size = read_encoded_pointer(proc, cie, data, &header->low_pc);
    data += pointer_size;
    
    u64 fde_length = 0;
    if (pointer_size == 2) {
        memcpy(&fde_length, data, 2);
        data += 2;
    } else if (pointer_size == 4) {
        memcpy(&fde_length, data, 4);
        data += 4;
    } else if (pointer_size == 8) {
        memcpy(&fde_length, data, 8);
        data += 8;
    }
    
    header->high_pc = header->low_pc + fde_length;
    
    if (cie->has_z) {
        data += decode_leb128(data, &header->augmentation_data_length);
        header->augmentation_data = data;
        data += header->augmentation_data_length;
    }
    
    header->instructions = data;
    header->instructions_length = header->length - (data - original_data - 4);
    
    data += iterate_call_frame_instructions(cie, data, header->instructions_length, 0, 0);
    
    return(data - original_data);
}

static u64
read_one_call_frame_record(struct mi_process proc, struct dwarf_cie *last_cie, struct dwarf_fde *last_fde, int *is_cie, u8 *data)
{
    u8 *original_data = data;
    u64 length;
    u32 length32;
    u32 cie_id;
    
    memcpy(&length32, data, 4);
    length = length32;
    data += 4;
    
    if (length == 0) {
        // NOTE(aolo2): terminator
        return(4);
    }
    
    if (length == 0) {
        memcpy(&length, data, 8);
        data += 8;
    }
    
    memcpy(&cie_id, data, 4);
    data += 4;
    
    u64 result;
    
    if (cie_id == 0) {
        result = read_one_cie(last_cie, length, data, original_data);
        *is_cie = 1;
    } else {
        result = read_one_fde(proc, last_cie, length, data, original_data, last_fde);
        *is_cie = 0;
    }
    
    return(result);
}

static struct dwarf_fde
eh_frame_find_fde(struct mi_process proc, u64 pc)
{
    struct elf_section_table_entry_x64 eh_frame = get_section_entry(proc.elf, ".eh_frame");
    struct dwarf_cie last_cie = { 0 };
    struct dwarf_fde last_fde = { 0 };
    int is_cie = 0;
    
    u64 read = 0;
    
    for (;;) {
        u64 size = read_one_call_frame_record(proc, &last_cie, &last_fde, &is_cie, proc.elf + eh_frame.offset_in_file + read);
        
        if (!is_cie) {
            if (last_fde.low_pc <= pc && pc < last_fde.high_pc) {
                return(last_fde);
            }
        }
        
        read += size;
        if (read >= eh_frame.size) {
            break;
        }
    }
    
    last_fde.length = 0;
    
    return(last_fde);
}

static struct dwarf_regset
eh_frame_init_registers(struct mi_registers regs, struct dwarf_cie cie)
{
    struct dwarf_regset regset = { 0 };
    
    regset.system[0]  = regs._sys.rax;
    regset.system[1]  = regs._sys.rdx;
    regset.system[2]  = regs._sys.rcx;
    regset.system[3]  = regs._sys.rbx;
    regset.system[4]  = regs._sys.rsi;
    regset.system[5]  = regs._sys.rdi;
    regset.system[6]  = regs._sys.rbp;
    regset.system[7]  = regs._sys.rsp;
    regset.system[8]  = regs._sys.r8;
    regset.system[9]  = regs._sys.r9;
    regset.system[10] = regs._sys.r10;
    regset.system[11] = regs._sys.r11;
    regset.system[12] = regs._sys.r12;
    regset.system[13] = regs._sys.r13;
    regset.system[14] = regs._sys.r14;
    regset.system[15] = regs._sys.r15;
    
    iterate_call_frame_instructions(&cie, cie.instructions, cie.instructions_length, &regset, 0);
    
    return(regset);
}

static struct dwarf_regset
eh_frame_find_pc(struct dwarf_fde fde, struct dwarf_regset regset, u64 pc)
{
    regset.loc = fde.low_pc;
    iterate_call_frame_instructions(&fde.cie, fde.instructions, fde.instructions_length, &regset, pc);
    return(regset);
}