function round_to_pow2(value, multiple) {
    return (value + multiple - 1) & -multiple;
}

function screen_to_canvas(state, p) {
    // should be called with coordinates obtained from MouseEvent.clientX/clientY * window.devicePixelRatio
    const xc = (p.x - state.canvas.offset.x) / state.canvas.zoom;
    const yc = (p.y - state.canvas.offset.y) / state.canvas.zoom;

    return {'x': xc, 'y': yc};
}

function canvas_to_screen(state, p) {
    const xs = (p.x * state.canvas.zoom + state.canvas.offset.x) / window.devicePixelRatio;
    const ys = (p.y * state.canvas.zoom + state.canvas.offset.y) / window.devicePixelRatio;

    return {'x': xs, 'y': ys};
}

function process_rdp_indices_r(state, zoom, mask, stroke, start, end) {
    // Looks like the recursive implementation spends most of its time in the function call overhead
    // Let's try to use an explicit stack instead to give the js engine more room to play with
    // Update: it's not faster. But it gives more sensible source-line samples in chrome profiler, so I'll leave it 
    
    let result = 0;
    const stack = [];

    stack.push({'start': start, 'end': end});

    while (stack.length > 0) {
        const region = stack.pop();
        const max = rdp_find_max(state, zoom, stroke.coords_from, region.start, region.end);

        if (max !== -1) {
            mask[max] = 1;
            result += 1;
            stack.push({'start': region.start, 'end': max});
            stack.push({'start': max, 'end': region.end});
        }
    }

    return result;
}

function process_rdp_indices(state, zoom, stroke) {
    const point_count = stroke.coords_to - stroke.coords_from;

    if (state.rdp_mask.length < point_count) {
        state.rdp_mask = new Uint8Array(point_count);
    }

    state.rdp_mask.fill(0, 0, point_count);

    const mask = state.rdp_mask;
    const npoints = 2 + process_rdp_indices_r(state, zoom, mask, stroke, 0, point_count - 1); // 2 is for the first and last vertex, which do not get included by the recursive functions, but should always be there at any lod level

    mask[0] = 1;
    mask[point_count - 1] = 1;

    return npoints;
}

function exponential_smoothing(points, last, up_to) {
    const alpha = 0.5;

    let pr = 0;

    let start = points.length - up_to;
    if (start < 0) {
        start = 0;
    }

    for (let i = start; i < points.length; ++i) {
        const p = points[i];
        pr = alpha * p.pressure + (1 - alpha) * pr;
    }

    pr = alpha * last.pressure + (1 - alpha) * pr;

    return pr;
}

function process_stroke(state, zoom, stroke) {
    // Try caching the highest zoom level that only returns the endpoints
    if (zoom <= stroke.turns_into_straight_line_zoom) {
        return 2; 
    }

    const npoints = process_rdp_indices(state, zoom, stroke, true);

    if (npoints === 2 && zoom > stroke.turns_into_straight_line_zoom) {
        stroke.turns_into_straight_line_zoom = zoom;
    }

    return npoints;
}

function rdp_find_max2(zoom, points, start, end) {
    const EPS = 0.125 / zoom;

    let result = -1;
    let max_dist = 0;

    const a = points[start];
    const b = points[end];

    const dx = b.x - a.x;
    const dy = b.y - a.y;

    const dist_ab = Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
    const sin_theta = dy / dist_ab;
    const cos_theta = dx / dist_ab;

    for (let i = start + 1; i < end; ++i) {
        const p = points[i];
        
        const ox = p.x - a.x;
        const oy = p.y - a.y;

        const rx = cos_theta * ox + sin_theta * oy;
        const ry = -sin_theta * ox + cos_theta * oy;

        const x = rx + a.x;
        const y = ry + a.y;

        const dist = Math.abs(y - a.y) + Math.abs(a.pressure - p.pressure) / 255 + Math.abs(b.pressure - p.pressure) / 255;

        if (dist > EPS && dist > max_dist) {
            result = i;
            max_dist = dist;
        }
    }

    return result;
}

function process_rdp_r2(zoom, points, start, end) {
    let result = [];

    const max = rdp_find_max2(zoom, points, start, end);

    if (max !== -1) {
        const before = process_rdp_r2(zoom, points, start, max);
        const after = process_rdp_r2(zoom, points, max, end);
        result = [...before, points[max], ...after];
    }

    return result;
}

function process_rdp2(zoom, points) {
    const result = [];
    const stack = [];

    stack.push({
        'type': 0,
        'start': 0,
        'end': points.length - 1,
    });

    result.push(points[0]);

    while (stack.length > 0) {
        const entry = stack.pop();

        if (entry.type === 0) {
            const max = rdp_find_max2(zoom, points, entry.start, entry.end);

            if (max !== -1) {
                stack.push({
                    'type': 0,
                    'start': max,
                    'end': entry.end
                });

                stack.push({
                    'type': 1,
                    'index': max,
                });

                stack.push({
                    'type': 0,
                    'start': entry.start,
                    'end': max,
                });
            }
        } else {
            result.push(points[entry.index]);
        }
    }

    result.push(points[points.length - 1]);

    return result;
}

// TODO: unify with regular process stroke
function process_stroke2(zoom, points) {
    const result = process_rdp2(zoom, points);
    return result;
}

function strokes_intersect_line(state, a, b) {
    // TODO: handle stroke / eraser width
    const result = [];

    for (let i = 0; i < state.events.length; ++i) {
        const event = state.events[i];
        if (event.type === EVENT.STROKE && !event.deleted) {
            for (let i = 0; i < event.points.length - 1; ++i) {
                const c = event.points[i + 0];
                const d = event.points[i + 1];

                if (segments_intersect(a, b, c, d)) {
                    result.push(i);
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    return result;
}

function color_to_u32(color_str) {
    const r = parseInt(color_str.substring(0, 2), 16);
    const g = parseInt(color_str.substring(2, 4), 16);
    const b = parseInt(color_str.substring(4, 6), 16);

    return (r << 16) | (g << 8) | b;
}

function color_from_u32(color_u32) {
    const r = (color_u32 >> 16) & 0xFF;
    const g = (color_u32 >> 8) & 0xFF;
    const b = color_u32 & 0xFF;

    let r_str = r.toString(16);
    let g_str = g.toString(16);
    let b_str = b.toString(16);

    if (r <= 0xF) r_str = '0' + r_str;
    if (g <= 0xF) g_str = '0' + g_str;
    if (b <= 0xF) b_str = '0' + b_str;

    return '#' + r_str + g_str + b_str;
}

function color_from_rgbdict(color_dict) {
    const r = Math.floor(color_dict.r * 255);
    const g = Math.floor(color_dict.g * 255);
    const b = Math.floor(color_dict.b * 255);

    let r_str = r.toString(16);
    let g_str = g.toString(16);
    let b_str = b.toString(16);

    if (r <= 0xF) r_str = '0' + r_str;
    if (g <= 0xF) g_str = '0' + g_str;
    if (b <= 0xF) b_str = '0' + b_str;

    return '#' + r_str + g_str + b_str;
}

function ccw(A, B, C) {
    return (C.y - A.y) * (B.x - A.x) > (B.y - A.y) * (C.x - A.x);
}

// https://stackoverflow.com/a/9997374/11420590
function segments_intersect(A, B, C, D) {
    return ccw(A, C, D) != ccw(B, C, D) && ccw(A, B, C) !== ccw(A, B, D);
}

function dist_v2(a, b) {
    const dx = a.x - b.x;
    const dy = a.y - b.y;
    return Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
}

function mid_v2(a, b) {
    return {
        'x': (a.x + b.x) / 2.0,
        'y': (a.y + b.y) / 2.0,
    };
}

function point_in_quad(p, quad_topleft, quad_bottomright) {
    if ((quad_topleft.x <= p.x && p.x < quad_bottomright.x) && (quad_topleft.y <= p.y && p.y < quad_bottomright.y)) {
        return true;
    }

    return false;
}

function point_in_bbox(p, bbox) {
    if (bbox.x1 <= p.x && p.x < bbox.x2 && bbox.y1 <= p.y && p.y < bbox.y2) {
        return true;
    }

    return false;
}

function clamp(v, a, b) {
    return (v < a ? a : (v > b ? b : v));
}

function dot(a, b) {
    return a.x * b.x + a.y * b.y;
}

function mix(a, b, t) {
    return a * t + b * (1 - t);
}

function point_in_stroke(p, xs, ys, pressures, width) {
    for (let i = 0; i < xs.length - 1; ++i) {
        const ax = xs[i + 0];
        const bx = xs[i + 1];
        const ay = ys[i + 0];
        const by = ys[i + 1];
        const at = pressures[i + 0] / 255 * width;
        const bt = pressures[i + 1] / 255 * width;

        const pa = {
            'x': p.x - ax,
            'y': p.y - ay,
        };

        const ba = {
            'x': bx - ax,
            'y': by - ay,
        };

        const h = clamp(dot(pa, ba) / dot(ba, ba), 0.0, 1.0);
        const thickness = mix(at, bt, h);
        const v = {
            'x': p.x - (ax + ba.x * h),
            'y': p.y - (ay + ba.y * h),
        };

        const dist = Math.sqrt(dot(v, v)) - thickness;

        if (dist <= 0) {
            return true;
        }
    }

    return false;
}

function segment_interesects_quad(a, b, quad_topleft, quad_bottomright, quad_topright, quad_bottomleft) {
    if (point_in_quad(a, quad_topleft, quad_bottomright)) {
        return true;
    }

    if (point_in_quad(b, quad_topleft, quad_bottomright)) {
        return true;
    }

    if (segments_intersect(a, b, quad_topleft, quad_topright)) return true;
    if (segments_intersect(a, b, quad_topright, quad_bottomright)) return true;
    if (segments_intersect(a, b, quad_bottomright, quad_bottomleft)) return true;
    if (segments_intersect(a, b, quad_bottomleft, quad_topleft)) return true;

    return false;
}

function stroke_bbox(state, stroke) {
    const radius = stroke.width; // do not divide by 2 to account for max possible pressure
    const xs = state.wasm.buffers['xs'].tv.data;
    const ys = state.wasm.buffers['ys'].tv.data;

    let min_x = xs[stroke.coords_from] - radius;
    let max_x = xs[stroke.coords_from] + radius; 

    let min_y = ys[stroke.coords_from] - radius;
    let max_y = ys[stroke.coords_from] + radius;

    for (let i = stroke.coords_from + 1; i < stroke.coords_to; ++i) {
        const px = xs[i];
        const py = ys[i];

        min_x = Math.min(min_x, px - radius);
        min_y = Math.min(min_y, py - radius);
        max_x = Math.max(max_x, px + radius);
        max_y = Math.max(max_y, py + radius);
    }

    return {'x1': min_x, 'y1': min_y, 'x2': max_x, 'y2': max_y, 'cx': (max_x + min_x) / 2, 'cy': (max_y + min_y) / 2};
}

function quads_intersect(a, b) {
    if (a.x1 < b.x2 && a.x2 > b.x1 && a.y2 > b.y1 && a.y1 < b.y2) {
        return true;
    }

    return false;
}

function quad_fully_inside(outer, inner) {
    if (outer.x1 < inner.x1 && outer.x2 > inner.x2 && outer.y1 < inner.y1 && outer.y2 > inner.y2) {
        return true;
    }

    return false;
}

function quad_union(a, b) {
    return {
        'x1': Math.min(a.x1, b.x1),
        'y1': Math.min(a.y1, b.y1),
        'x2': Math.max(a.x2, b.x2),
        'y2': Math.max(a.y2, b.y2),
    };
}

function box_area(box) {
    return (box.x2 - box.x1) * (box.y2 - box.y1);
}

// https://stackoverflow.com/a/47593316
function mulberry32(seed) {
    let t = seed + 0x6D2B79F5;
    t = Math.imul(t ^ t >>> 15, t | 1);
    t ^= t + Math.imul(t ^ t >>> 7, t | 61);
    return ((t ^ t >>> 14) >>> 0) / 4294967296;
}

function random_bright_color_from_seed(seed) {
    const h = Math.round(mulberry32(seed) * 360);
    const s = 25;
    const l = 50;

    return `hsl(${h}deg ${s}% ${l}%)`;
}